![]() The efficiency approaches 80% at 6dB back-off. From Figure 3 74.4% efficiency and 11.5W POUT can be achieved at the 20V (400V 2 ) mean supply voltage. As a result, it was only possible to characterize it up to 32V, as shown in Figure 3. If operated continuously at 71W POUT the class E RF PA would overheat. At 10W mean POUT the corresponding peak POUT is 71W for an 8.5dB PAPR. CShunt provides the excess capacitance necessary to achieve class E operation at 2GHz. Quarter wavelength transmission lines supply both the Gate Bias Voltage and Supply Voltage. Input and output matching networks transform the CGH40025 to 50Ω input and output impedance. A simplified schematic of the class E RF PA is shown in Figure 2. It is designed to produce 10W output power at a mean envelope voltage of 20V. At these frequencies, a microstrip approach is taken to minimize stray parasitic elements. ![]() class E RF PA is based around a Cree CGH40025 GaN transistor optimized for 2GHz. Samiuddhin, a circuit designer, is B.Tech in electrical and electronics engineering. There may be a small tolerance (deviation) in the readings due to parasitic elements in the PCB. Do not try to measure negative voltages, or reverse the polarity of the cable, as it would destroy the Arduino. Note.This circuit measures only low voltages of 1mV to 1V. Use test probes for better accuracy and low attenuation. After uploading the source code (mV_Meter.ino) to Board1, connect it to LCD1. The Arduino can be powered by an external 9V battery or a 9V, 500mA adaptor. You can assemble the circuit on a PCB or breadboard. It includes a 16MHz crystal, USB connector, power jack, and ICSP header and comes with pre-loaded Arduino bootloader in its ATmega328P chip. It has fourteen digital input/output (I/O) pins, six of which can be used as PWM outputs and six as analogue inputs. If it does, ‘Over range’ alert message is displayed on LCD1.Īrduino Uno is a popular open source microcontroller development board based on ATmega328P microcontroller. ![]() The voltage at analogue pin A0 should not exceed 1V. The Arduino is the brain of the circuit that calculates the voltage based on the ADC value using the program, which is displayed on LCD1. ![]()
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